Izvo zvisiri zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa mumotokari zvinosanganisira mapurasitiki, rabha, adhesive sealants, friction materials, machira, girazi, nezvimwe zvinhu. Izvi zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri zvakaita sepetrochemicals, indasitiri yemwenje, machira, uye zvekuvakisa. Naizvozvo, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi mumotokari chiratidzo chekubatanayakasanganiswa simba rehupfumi uye tekinoroji, uye zvakare inosanganisa huwandu hwakasiyana hwekuvandudza tekinoroji uye kugona kwekushandisa mumaindasitiri ane hukama.
Parizvino, girazi fiber reinzvekumanikidzira zvinhu zvinoumbwa zvinoiswa mumotokari zvinosanganisira girazi faibha yakasimbiswa thermoplastics (QFRTP), girazi fiber mat reinforced thermoplastics (GMT), sheet molding compounds (SMC), resin transfer molding materials (RTM), uye nemaoko-akaiswa FRP zvigadzirwa.
Iyo huru yegirazi fiber inosimbisaced mapurasitiki anoshandiswa mumotokari parizvino igirazi fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP), girazi fiber reinforced polyamide 66 (PA66) kana PA6, uye kusvika padiki, PBT uye PPO zvinhu.
Yakasimbiswa PP (polypropylene) zvigadzirwa zvine kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kuomarara, uye zvimiro zvavo zvemuchina zvinogona kuvandudzwa kakawanda, kunyangwe kakawanda. Yakasimbiswa PP inoshandiswa munzvimbo such sefenicha yemuhofisi, semuenzaniso mumacheya evana akakwirira-kumashure nemacheya emuhofisi; inoshandiswawo mune axial uye centrifugal mafeni mukati mefiriji midziyo yakaita sefiriji uye maair conditioner.
Yakasimbiswa PA (polyamide) zvinhu zvakatoshandiswa mumotokari dzevatyairi nedzekutengesa, kazhinji kugadzira zvikamu zvidiki zvinoshanda. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mavhavha ekudzivirira emiviri yekiyi, macheji einishuwarenzi, nzungu dzakamisikidzwa, throttle pedals, magadhi egiya, uye mibato yekuvhura. Kana zvinhu zvakasarudzwa nemugadziri wechikamu ndezvekusagadzikanakunaka, nzira yekugadzira haina kufanira, kana zvinhu zvisina kuomeswa zvakanaka, zvinogona kutungamirira kukuputsika kwezvikamu zvisina simba muchigadzirwa.
Ne automOtive indasitiri iri kuwedzera kudiwa kwezvinhu zvisingaremi uye zvine hushamwari zvakatipoteredza, maindasitiri emotokari ekunze ari kuzembera pakushandisa GMT (girazi mat thermoplastics) zvinhu kuti zvizadzise zvinodikanwa zvezvimiro. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekuomarara kweGMT, kutenderera kupfupi, kugadzirwa kwakanyanya, mutengo wakaderera wekugadzirisa, uye hunhu husina kusvibisa, zvichiita kuti ive chimwe chezvinhu zvezana ramakore rechi21. GMT inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira mabhuraketi anoshanda akawanda, mabhuraketi edhibhodhi, mafuremu ezvigaro, magadhi einjini, uye mabhureki ebhatiri mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu. Semuenzaniso, iyo Audi A6 neA4 parizvino inogadzirwa neFAW-Volkswagen inoshandisa GMT zvinhu, asi haina kuwana kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo.
Kuvandudza huwandu hwese hwemotokari kuti usvike kune dzimwe nyika dzepamusoro mazinga, uye kuzadzisae kuderedza uremu, kudzikisa kuzunguzika, uye kuderedza ruzha, zvikamu zvepamba zvakaita tsvakiridzo pakugadzira uye kugadzira zvigadzirwa zveGMT zvinhu. Vane simba rekugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zveGMT, uye tambo yekugadzira ine gore negore inobuda ye3000 matani eGMT zvinhu yakavakwa muJiangyin, Jiangsu. Vagadziri vemota dzemumba vari kushandisawo GMT zvinhu mukugadzira mamwe mamodheru uye vatanga kugadzirwa kwebatch.
Sheet molding compound (SMC) yakakosha girazi fiber yakasimbiswa thermosetting plastiki. Nekuda kwekuita kwayo kwakanaka, hukuru-hukuru hwekugadzira, uye kugona kuwana A-giredhi nzvimbo, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari. Parizvino, kushandiswa kwezvekune dzimwe nyika SMC zvinhu muindasitiri yemotokari yaita kufambira mberi kutsva. Iko kushandiswa kukuru kweSMC mumotokari kuri mumapanera emuviri, achiverengera makumi manomwe muzana ekushandiswa kweSMC. Kukurumidza kukura kuri muzvikamu zvezvimiro uye zvikamu zvekutapurirana. Mumakore mashanu anotevera, kushandiswa kweSMC mumotokari kunotarisirwa kuwedzera ne22% kusvika 71%, nepo mune mamwe maindasitiri, kukura kuchave 13% kusvika 35%.
Application Status uye Mafambiro Ebudiriro
1.High-content glass fiber reinforced sheet molding compound (SMC) iri kuwedzera kushandiswa mumagetsi ekugadzirisa zvikamu. Yakatanga kuratidzwa muzvikamu zvezvimiro pamhando mbiri dzeFord (Explorer uye Ranger) muna 1995. Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakawanda, inoonekwa zvakanyanya seine zvakanakira mukugadzirwa kwezvimiro, zvichitungamira kukushandiswa kwayo kwakapararira mumadhibhodhi emotokari, masisitimu ekutungamirira, masisitimu eradiyeta, uye masisitimu emidziyo yemagetsi.
Mabhuraketi ekumusoro neazasi akaumbwa nekambani yeAmerica Budd anoshandisa chinhu chakaumbwa chine 40% yegirazi faibha mune isina unsaturated polyester. Iyi miviri-yekumberi-yekupedzisira chimiro inosangana nezvinodiwa nemushandisi, ine kumberi kwekabhini rezasi kuenderera mberi. The wepamusoro bracket inogadziriswa pamberi pecanopy uye yepamberi yemuviri chimiro, nepo yakaderera bracket inoshanda pamwe chete neinotonhora system. Aya mabhuraketi maviri akabatana uye anoshandira pamwe necanopy yemotokari uye chimiro chemuviri kudzikamisa kumucheto kumberi.
2. Kushandiswa kwepasi-density Sheet Molding Compound (SMC) zvinhu: Low-density SMC ine chaiyo gravit.y ye1.3, uye mashandisirwo anoshanda uye bvunzo zvakaratidza kuti yakareruka ne30% pane yakajairwa SMC, ine chaiyo giravhiti ye1.9. Kushandisa iyi yakaderera-density SMC inogona kuderedza huremu hwezvikamu ne45% zvichienzaniswa nezvikamu zvakafanana zvakagadzirwa nesimbi. Ese mapaneru emukati uye matsva emukati edenga reCorvette '99 modhi naGeneral Motors muUSA akagadzirwa neakaderera-density SMC. Pamusoro pezvo, yakaderera-density SMC inoshandiswawo mumagonhi emotokari, injini hoods, uye trunk lids.
3. Mamwe mashandisirwo eSMC mumotokari, kupfuura kushandiswa kutsva kwambotaurwa, kunosanganisira kugadzirwa kwevario.isu zvimwe zvikamu. Izvi zvinosanganisira magonhi ekombi, matenga anofembera, skeletons, magonhi anotakura zvinhu, mavhairasi ezuva, mapaneru emuviri, pombi dzemvura dzepadenga, machira epadivi emota, uye mabhokisi erori, pakati pekushandiswa kukuru kuri kunze kwemuviri mapaneru. Nezve chimiro chekushandiswa kwemumba, nekuunzwa kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira mota dzevatyairi muChina, SMC yakatanga kugamuchirwa mumotokari dzinotakura vanhu, inonyanya kushandiswa mumakamuri akasara ematoyi uye skeletons. Parizvino, inoshandiswawo mumotokari dzekutengesa kune zvikamu senge strut kamuri yekuvhara mahwendefa, matangi ekuwedzera, mitsara yekumhanyisa mitsara, mahombe / madiki partitions, mhepo yekudyara shroud magungano, nezvimwe.
GFRP Composite MaterialZvemotokari Leaf Springs
Iyo Resin Transfer Molding (RTM) nzira inosanganisira kudzvanya resin mune yakavharwa mold ine magirazi fiber, inoteverwa nekurapa pakamuri tembiricha kana nekupisa. Kuenzaniswa neSheet Molding Compound (SMC) nzira, RTM inopa zvakareruka kugadzira michina, yakaderera mold mutengo, uye yakanakisa yemuviri zvimiro zvezvigadzirwa, asi inokodzera chete kugadzirwa kwepakati uye diki. Parizvino, zvikamu zvemotokari zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira yeRTM kunze kwenyika zvakatambanudzirwa kune yakazara-yemuviri inovhara. Kusiyana neizvi, mudzimba muChina, iyo RTM yekuumba tekinoroji yekugadzira zvikamu zvemotokari ichiri mudanho rekusimudzira uye rekutsvagisa, ichiedza kusvika pamazinga ekugadzirwa kwezvakafanana zvigadzirwa zvekune dzimwe nyika maererano neyakagadzirwa michina michina, nguva yekurapa, uye yakapedzwa chigadzirwa. Zvikamu zvemotokari zvakagadziridzwa nekutsvagirwa mudzimba vachishandisa nzira yeRTM zvinosanganisira mahwindi emhepo, mashure ekumashure, diffuser, matenga, mabumper, uye kumashure ekusimudza magonhi emota dzeFukang.
Nekudaro, maitiro ekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira kushandisa iyo RTM maitiro kumotokari, iyo requizvigadziriso zvezvigadzirwa zvechimiro chechigadzirwa, mwero wekuita kwezvinhu, mazinga ekuongorora, uye kubudirira kweA-giredhi nzvimbo inyaya dzinonetsa muindasitiri yemotokari. Izvi zvakare zvinodikanwa zvekugamuchirwa kwakapararira kweRTM mukugadzira zvikamu zvemotokari.
Nei FRP
Kubva pamaonero evagadziri vemotokari, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) zvichienzaniswa nezvimwe.er zvinhu, chinhu chinoyevedza chakasarudzika. Kutora SMC/BMC (Sheet Molding Compound/Bulk Molding Compound) semuenzaniso:
* Kuchengetedza uremu
* Kubatanidzwa kwechikamu
* Dhizaini inoshanduka
* Yakanyanya kuderera mari
* Inofambisa kubatanidzwa kweantenna masisitimu
* Dimensional kugadzikana (yakaderera coefficient yemutsara wekuwedzera kupisa, inofananidzwa nesimbi)
* Inochengetedza yakakwira mechanic kuita pasi pemamiriro ekushisa akanyanya
Inoenderana neE-coating (pendi yemagetsi)
Vatyairi vemarori vanonyatsoziva kuti kuramba kwemhepo, kunozivikanwawo sekudhonza, kwagara kwakakosha amuvengi wemarori. Nzvimbo huru yepamberi yemarori, chassis yakakwira, uye matirarera ane mativi mana akaenzana anoita kuti anyanya kubatwa nemhepo.
Kupikisakupikisa mhepo, izvo zvinongowedzera mutoro weinjini, kukurumidza kukurumidza, kuwedzera kwekudzivirira. Kuwedzera kwemutoro nekuda kwekudzivirira kwemhepo kunotungamirira kuhuwandu hwemafuta. Kuti vaderedze kupikisa kwemhepo kunowanikwa nemarori uye nokudaro kuderedza kushandiswa kwemafuta, mainjiniya akarova pfungwa dzavo. Pamusoro pekutora dhizaini yeaerodynamic yekabhini, michina mizhinji yakawedzerwa kudzikisa kupikisa kwemhepo pane furemu uye kumashure kwetirailer. Ndezvipi zvishandiso izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuderedza kusamira kwemhepo pamarori?
Roof/Side Deflectors
Deflector yedenga nedivi zvakagadzirirwa kudzivirira mhepo kuti isarove yakananga bhokisi rekutakura zvinhu, richidzoreredza mhepo yakawanda kuti ifambe zvakanaka uye ichitenderedza kumusoro uye kumativi zvikamu zvetirailer, pane kukanganisa zvakananga kumberi kweiyo. trailer, izvo zvinokonzeresa kushomeka. Yakakwenenzverwa angled uye kureba-yakagadziriswa deflectors inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kushorwa kunokonzerwa netirailer.
Car Side Skirts
Masiketi epadivi pamotokari anoshanda kutsvedzerera mativi echasi, achiibatanidza zvisina musono nemuviri wemota. Vanovhara zvinhu zvakaita sematangi-akaiswa gasi matangi uye matangi emafuta, vachidzikisa nzvimbo yavo yekumberi yakavhurika kumhepo, nokudaro vachifambisa kufefetera kwemhepo pasina kugadzira mhirizhonga.
Yakaderera-nzvimbo Bumper
Iyo inodzika-inowedzera bumper inoderedza kuyerera kwemhepo inopinda pasi pemotokari, iyo inobatsira mukudzikisa kupikisa kunoitwa nekupokana pakati pechasi uyemhepo. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mabhampa ane maburi ekutungamira haangodzikisi kupikisa kwemhepo chete asiwo anonangisa kuyerera kwemhepo akananga kumadhiramu emabhureki kana mabhureki disc, achibatsira mukutonhodza kwebhureki system yemotokari.
Cargo Bhokisi Side Deflectors
Izvo zvinokanganisa pamativi ebhokisi rekutakura zvinovhara chikamu chemavhiri uye kuderedza chinhambwe pakati penzvimbo yekutakura uye pasi. Iyi dhizaini inodzikisa kuyerera kwemhepo inopinda kubva kumativi ari pasi pemotokari. Nemhaka yokuti anovhara chikamu chemavhiri, aya anotsaukamactors anoderedzawo mhirizhonga inokonzerwa nekubatana pakati pematairi nemhepo.
Rear Deflector
Yakagadzirirwa kukanganisat iyo mhepo inovhuvhuta kumashure, inofambisa mafambiro emhepo, nekudaro ichidzikisa aerodynamic dhiri.
Saka, ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira deflectors uye zvivharo pamarori? Kubva pane zvandaunganidza, mumusika une makwikwi makuru, fiberglass (inozivikanwawo sepurasitiki yakasimbiswa negirazi kana GRP) inofarirwa nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, kusimba kwepamusoro, kusagadzikana kwekuora, uye r.kugona pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Fiberglass chinhu chakaumbwa chinoshandisa magirazi fiber uye zvigadzirwa zvawo (segirazi fiber jira, mat, shinda, nezvimwewo) sekusimbisa, ine synthetic resin inoshanda sematrix zvinhu.
Fiberglass Deflectors / Covers
Europe yakatanga kushandisa fiberglass mumotokari kutanga 1955, nemiedzo paSTM-II modhi miviri. Muna 1970, Japan yakashandisa fiberglass kugadzira zvivharo zvekushongedza zvemavhiri emotokari, uye muna 1971 Suzuki yakagadzira mavhavha einjini nemafender kubva pafiberglass. Mumakore ekuma1950, iyo UK yakatanga kushandisa fiberglass, ichitsiva yaimbova simbi-huni composite cabins, seiya muFor.d S21 uye mota dzine mavhiri matatu, izvo zvakaunza chimiro chitsva uye chisina kusimba kumotokari dzenguva iyoyo.
Mumba muChina, mamwe mvagadziri vakaita basa rakakura mukugadzira miviri yemotokari yefiberglass. Semuenzaniso, FAW yakabudirira kugadzira mavhavha einjini yefiberglass uye flat-nosed, flip-top cabins kare kare. Parizvino, kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvefiberglass mumarori epakati uye anorema muChina kwatekeshera, kusanganisira injini refu yemhino.mavhavha, mabhampa, zvivharo zvemberi, zvivharo zvedenga rekabhini, masiketi eparutivi, uye zvinomonereka. Mumwe anozivikanwa mugadziri wepamba weanopokana, Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., anoratidza izvi. Kunyangwe mamwe emakamuri makuru ekurarisa mumarori anoyemurwa ekuAmerica ane mhino refu akagadzirwa nefiberglass.
Huremu, hurefu-simba, ngura-resistant, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari
Nekuda kwekudhura kwayo, kupfupika kwekugadzira kutenderera, uye yakasimba dhizaini kuchinjika, fiberglass zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvakawanda zvekugadzira marori. Semuyenzaniso, makore mashoma apfuura, marori epamba aive nedhizaini yakashata uye yakaoma, ine chimiro chemunhu chekunze chisina kujairika. Nekukurumidza kuvandudzwa kwemigwagwa mikuru yepamba, which yakakurudzira zvikuru kufambisa kwekufamba kwenguva refu, kuomerwa mukugadzira zvitarisiko zvekabhini zvemunhu kubva kusimbi yakazara, mutengo wakakura wekugadzira mold, uye nyaya dzakaita se ngura uye kudonhedza mune akawanda-panel welded zvimiro zvakaita kuti vagadziri vazhinji vasarudze fiberglass yekabhini yekuvharisa denga remba.
Parizvino, marori mazhinji anoshandisa fiberglass zvinhu zvekuvhara pamberi uye mabumpers.
Fiberglass inoratidzwa nekureruka kwayo uye kusimba kwepamusoro, ine density inotangira pakati pe1.5 ne2.0. Ichi chingori chikamu chechina kusvika kuchikamu chechishanu chehunyoro hwekabhoni simbi uye kunyange yakaderera pane iyo yealuminium. Mukuenzanisa nesimbi ye08F, girazi refiberglass rakakora 2.5mm rinesimba rakaenzana ne1mm gobvu simbi. Pamusoro pezvo, fiberglass inogona kuchinjika kugadzirwa zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa, ichipa zvirinani kuperera uye kwakanakisa kugadzira. Inobvumira sarudzo inoshanduka yemaitiro ekuumba zvichienderana nechimiro, chinangwa, uye huwandu hwechigadzirwa. Iyo yekuumba maitiro iri nyore, kazhinji inongoda nhanho imwe chete, uye zvinhu zvacho zvine kunaka kwekupokana. Inogona kuramba mamiriro emuchadenga, mvura, uye zvakajairika kuwanda kweasidhi, mabhesi, uye munyu. Naizvozvo, marori mazhinji parizvino anoshandisa fiberglass zvinhu zvemberi mabhampa, mavhavha epamberi, masiketi epadivi, uye deflectors.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-02-2024
