Zvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi zvinoshandiswa mumotokari zvinosanganisira mapurasitiki, rabha, zvinonamira zvinonamira, zvinhu zvekukweshana, machira, magirazi, nezvimwe zvinhu. Zvinhu izvi zvinosanganisira zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemaindasitiri zvakaita semafuta, indasitiri yemwenje, machira, nezvinhu zvekuvaka. Saka, kushandiswa kwezvinhu zvisiri zvesimbi mumotokari kunoratidza kubatana kwesimba rehupfumi netekinoroji rakasanganiswa, uye rinosanganisirawo hunyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana hwekuvandudza tekinoroji uye kugona kwayo kushandiswa mumaindasitiri ane hukama.
Parizvino, girazi fiber reinZvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvinoshandiswa mumotokari zvinosanganisira girazi fiber reinforced thermoplastics (QFRTP), girazi fiber mat reinforced thermoplastics (GMT), sheet molding compounds (SMC), resin transfer molding materials (RTM), uye zvigadzirwa zveFRP zvakagadzirwa nemaoko.
Iyo huru girazi fiber reinforMapurasitiki anoshandiswa mumotokari pari zvino ipurasitiki yegirazi yakasimbiswa nefiber (PP), polyamide 66 (PA66) kana PA6, uye zvishoma, zvinhu zvePBT nePPO.
Zvigadzirwa zvePP (polypropylene) zvinosimba uye zvine simba guru, uye hunhu hwazvo hwemuchina hunogona kuvandudzwa kakawanda, kunyangwe kakawanda. PP inosimba inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana.zvakaita sefenicha yemuhofisi, semuenzaniso muzvigaro zvevana zvinogara kwenguva refu uye zvigaro zvemuhofisi; inoshandiswawo mumafeni anotenderera uye anotenderera mukati mezvishandiso zvefiriji zvakaita sefiriji nemaair conditioner.
Zvinhu zvePA (polyamide) zvakasimbiswa zvatove zvichishandiswa mumotokari dzevatakuri nedzemabhizinesi, kazhinji pakugadzira zvikamu zvidiki zvinoshanda. Mienzaniso inosanganisira mavharo ekudzivirira ezvivharo, ma wedge einishuwarenzi, nzungu dzakaiswa mukati, mapedal ethrottle, magiya ekuchinja magiya, uye mibato yekuvhura. Kana zvinhu zvakasarudzwa nemugadziri wezvikamu zvisina kugadzikanamhando, maitiro ekugadzira haana kukodzera, kana kuti chinhu chacho hachina kuomeswa zvakanaka, zvinogona kukonzera kutyoka kwezvikamu zvisina kusimba muchigadzirwa.
NeotomatikiNekuda kwekuwedzera kuri kuita kudiwa kwezvinhu zvakareruka uye zvisina njodzi kunharaunda muindasitiri, maindasitiri emotokari ekunze ari kushandisa zvinhu zveGMT (glass mat thermoplastics) kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa nezvikamu zvekuvaka. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nekusimba kwakanyanya kweGMT, kupfupika kwekugadzira, kushanda zvakanaka kwekugadzira, mitengo yakaderera yekugadzirisa, uye kusasvibisa, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yezvinhu zvemuzana remakore rechi21. GMT inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira mabhureki ane mabasa akawanda, mabhureki edashboard, mafuremu ezvigaro, maguard einjini, uye mabhureki emabhatiri mumotokari dzevatakuri. Semuenzaniso, Audi A6 neA4 zvinogadzirwa neFAW-Volkswagen zvinoshandisa zvinhu zveGMT, asi hazvina kuwana kugadzirwa kwemuno.
Kuvandudza mhando yemotokari dzese kuti dzisvike padanho repamusoro repasi rose, uye kuti dzisvike padanho repamusoroNekuda kwekudzikiswa kwehuremu, kudzikiswa kwekudedera, uye kudzikiswa kweruzha, mayuniti emuno akaita tsvakiridzo pamusoro pekugadzirwa uye kugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa zvezvinhu zveGMT. Ane kugona kwekugadzira zvinhu zveGMT zvakawanda, uye mutsetse wekugadzira une goho rematani zviuru zvitatu zvezvigadzirwa zveGMT wakavakwa muJiangyin, Jiangsu. Vagadziri vemotokari dzemuno vari kushandisawo zvinhu zveGMT mukugadzira mamwe mamodheru uye vakatanga kugadzira batch trial.
Sheet molding compound (SMC) ipurasitiki yakakosha yegirazi yakasimbiswa nefiber thermosetting. Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakanaka, kugona kwayo kugadzira zvinhu zvakawanda, uye kugona kwayo kuwana nzvimbo dzeA-grade, yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari. Parizvino, kushandiswa kweZvinhu zveSMC zvekunze muindasitiri yemotokari zvafambira mberi patsva. Kushandiswa kukuru kweSMC mumotokari kuri mumapaneru emuviri, zvichiita kuti ive 70% yekushandiswa kweSMC. Kukura kukuru kuri muzvikamu zvemaumbirwo nezvikamu zvekutumira. Mumakore mashanu anotevera, kushandiswa kweSMC mumotokari kunotarisirwa kuwedzera ne22% kusvika 71%, nepo mune mamwe maindasitiri, kukura kwacho kuchave 13% kusvika 35%.
Mamiriro Ekushandisas uye Maitiro Ekuvandudza
1. Girazi rine fiber reinforced sheet molding compound (SMC) riri kushandiswa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zvekuvaka mota. Rakaratidzwa kekutanga muzvikamu zvekuvaka pamhando mbiri dzeFord (E)xplorer naRanger) muna 1995. Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo kwakawanda, inofungidzirwa zvakanyanya kuti ine zvakanakira mukugadzirwa kwechivako, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe zvakanyanya mumadhibhodhi emotokari, masisitimu ekufambisa, masisitimu eredhiyeta, uye masisitimu emidziyo yemagetsi.
Mabhureki epamusoro neapasi akaumbwa nekambani yekuAmerica yeBudd anoshandisa zvinhu zvakasanganiswa zvine 40% girazi fiber mu polyester isina kuguta. Chimiro ichi chepamberi chine zvidimbu zviviri chinosangana nezvinodiwa nevashandisi, nemucheto wepamberi wekamuri repasi uchitambanukira mberi.Aketi yakasungirirwa padenga repamberi nepachimiro chemuviri wepamberi, ukuwo danda repasi richishanda pamwe chete nesystem yekutonhodza. Mabhureki maviri aya akabatana uye anoshanda pamwe chete nedenga remotokari nechimiro chemuviri kuti agadzirise chikamu chepamberi.
2. Kushandiswa kwezvinhu zveSMC zvine huremu hwakaderera: SMC ine huremu hwakadereray ye1.3, uye mashandisirwo anoshanda uye bvunzo zvakaratidza kuti yakareruka ne30% pane standard SMC, iyo ine giravhiti chaiyo ye1.9. Kushandisa iyi low-density SMC kunogona kuderedza huremu hwezvikamu neinenge 45% zvichienzaniswa nezvikamu zvakafanana zvakagadzirwa nesimbi. Mapaneru ese emukati nemukati medenga idzva reCorvette '99 model neGeneral Motors muUSA zvakagadzirwa nelow-density SMC. Pamusoro pezvo, low-density SMC inoshandiswawo mumasuo emota, mahood einjini, uye ma trunk lids.
3. Mamwe mashandisirwo eSMC mumotokari, kunze kwekushandiswa kutsva kwambotaurwa, anosanganisira kugadzirwa kwemhando dzakasiyana-siyanazvimwe zvikamu zveUS. Izvi zvinosanganisira magonhi emakabhini, matenga anofefeterwa nemhepo, mapfupa emabhambu, magonhi ekutakura zvinhu, ma visor ezuva, mapaneru emuviri, mapaneru emvura inoyerera padenga, mativi eshedhi yemotokari, uye mabhokisi emota, ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumapaneru emuviri ekunze. Nezvemamiriro ekushandiswa kwemumba, nekuunzwa kwetekinoroji yekugadzira mota dzevafambi muChina, SMC yakatanga kushandiswa mumotokari dzevafambi, inonyanya kushandiswa mumakomputa ematairi ekuwedzera uye mapfupa emabhambu. Parizvino, inoshandiswawo mumotokari dzekutengesa kune zvikamu zvakaita semapureti ekuvhara makamuri e strut, matangi ekuwedzera, ma clamps ekumhanya kwemutsara, ma partitions makuru/madiki, ma assemblies e air intake shroud, nezvimwewo.
Zvinhu Zvakasanganiswa zveGFRPZvitubu zveMashizha eMotokari
Nzira yeResin Transfer Molding (RTM) inosanganisira kudzvanya resin muforoma yakavharwa ine magirazi, ichiteverwa nekuipukuta patembiricha yemumba kana nekupisa. Zvichienzaniswa neSheet MoldiNzira yeNg Compound (SMC), RTM inopa michina yekugadzira iri nyore, mitengo yakaderera yeforoma, uye hunhu hwakanaka hwezvigadzirwa, asi yakakodzera chete kugadzirwa kwepakati nepadiki. Parizvino, zvikamu zvemotokari zvinogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira yeRTM kunze kwenyika zvakawedzerwa kusvika pakufukidza muviri wese. Kusiyana neizvi, muChina, tekinoroji yekugadzira RTM yekugadzira zvikamu zvemotokari ichiri muchikamu chekuvandudza nekutsvaga, ichiedza kusvika padanho rekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvakafanana zvekunze maererano nehunhu hwezvinhu zvekugadzira, nguva yekupisa, uye zvirevo zvechigadzirwa chapera. Zvikamu zvemotokari zvakagadzirwa nekutsvakurudzwa mudzimba uchishandisa nzira yeRTM zvinosanganisira magirazi emhepo, magadhi ekumashure, madhiffuser, matenga, mabumper, uye magonhi ekusimudza kumashure emota dzeFukang.
Zvisinei, nzira yekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira yekushandisa maitiro eRTM kumotokari, zvinodiwaKugadziriswa kwezvinhu zvekugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa, mwero wekushanda kwezvinhu, mwero wekuongorora, uye kubudirira kwenzvimbo dzeA-grade inyaya dzinonetsa muindasitiri yemotokari. Izvi ndizvo zvinodiwawo kuti RTM ishandiswe zvakanyanya mukugadzira zvikamu zvemotokari.
Sei FRP
Kubva pamaonero evagadziri vemotokari, FRP (Fiber Reinforced Plastics) zvichienzaniswa nedzimweZvinhu zvekushandisa, chinhu chinokwezva zvikuru. Tichitora SMC/BMC (Sheet Molding Compound/Bulk Molding Compound) semuenzaniso:
* Kuderedza uremu
* Kubatanidzwa kwezvikamu
* Kuchinjika kwedhizaini
* Kudyara mari kwakaderera zvakanyanya
* Inobatsira kubatanidzwa kwemasisitimu eantenna
* Kugadzikana kwehukuru (kuenzana kwakaderera kwekuwedzera kwekupisa kwemutsara, kwakafanana nesimbi)
* Inochengetedza mashandiro emakanika akakwira mumamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya
Inoenderana neE-coating (kupenda kwemagetsi)
Vatyairi vemarori vanoziva kuti kudzivirira mhepo, kunozivikanwawo sekudhonza, kwagara kuri chinhu chakakoshanzvimbo huru yekumberi kwemarori, chassis refu, uye matrailer ane chimiro chakaenzana zvinoita kuti anyanye kukanganiswa nemhepo.
KurwisaKudzivirira mhepo, izvo zvinozowedzera mutoro weinjini, kumhanya kwayo kunokurumidza, ndiko kuwedzera kwekudzivirira mhepo. Kuwedzera kwemutoro nekuda kwekudzivirira mhepo kunotungamira pakushandiswa kwemafuta akawanda. Kuti vaderedze kudzivirira mhepo kunowanikwa mumarori uye nokudaro vaderedze kushandisa mafuta, mainjiniya vakashanda nesimba. Kuwedzera pakushandisa magadzirirwo emhepo yekabhini, zvishandiso zvakawanda zvakawedzerwa kuderedza kudzivirira mhepo pafuremu nechikamu chekumashure chetiraki. Ndezvipi zvishandiso izvi zvakagadzirirwa kuderedza kudzivirira mhepo pamarori?
Zvidziviriro zveDenga/Kumativi
Denga nemativi emotokari zvinodzora mafambiro emhepo zvakagadzirwa zvakanyanya kudzivirira mhepo kuti isarove zvakananga mubhokisi rekutakura zvinhu rakaita sesikweya, zvichitungamira mhepo yakawanda kuti ifambe zvakanaka pamusoro nepamativi etirera, pane kuti irove zvakananga pamberi penzira.er, izvo zvinokonzera kuramba kwakasimba. Zvidziviriro zvakakomberedzwa zvakanaka uye zvakagadziriswa kukwirira zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya kuramba kunokonzerwa netiraki.
Masiketi epadivi pemota
Masikirwo epadivi emotokari anobatsira kuti mativi echasi anyatsotsetseka, achibatanidza zvakanaka nemuviri wemotokari. Anofukidza zvinhu zvakaita sematangi egasi akasungirirwa padivi nematangi emafuta, zvichiita kuti nzvimbo yawo yepamberi iomerwe nemhepo, zvichiita kuti mhepo ifambe zvakanaka pasina kukonzera kusagadzikana.
Bumpe iri panzvimbo yakadererar
Bhampa rinodzika pasi rinoderedza kufamba kwemhepo kunopinda pasi pemotokari, izvo zvinobatsira mukuderedza kuramba kunokonzerwa nekukweshana kuri pakati pechasi nemhepo. Pamusoro pezvo, mamwe mabumper ane maburi ekutungamira haangoderedzi kudzivirira mhepo chete asiwo anotungamira mweya kuenda kumadhiramu emabhureki kana madhisiki emabhureki, zvichibatsira mukutonhodza sisitimu yemabhureki emotokari.
Zvidziviriro zveMabhokisi Ekutakura Zvinhu
Zvidziviriri zviri kumativi ebhokisi rekutakura zvinhu zvinofukidza chikamu chemavhiri uye zvinoderedza daro riri pakati penzvimbo yekutakura zvinhu nepasi. Dhizaini iyi inoderedza kufamba kwemhepo kunopinda kubva kumativi ari pasi pemotokari. Nekuti zvinofukidza chikamu chemavhiri, izvi zvinodzivirirama "ctors" anoderedzawo kusagadzikana kunokonzerwa nekubatana kwematayi nemhepo.
Chinobvisa Ruvara rweKumashure
Yakagadzirirwa kukanganisaKana mhepo iri kumashure ichiyerera, zvinoita kuti kufamba kwemhepo kuve nyore, zvichiita kuti kudhonze kwemhepo kurege kufamba zvakanaka.
Saka, ndezvipi zvinhu zvinoshandiswa kugadzira ma deflector nema covers pamarori? Kubva pane zvandakawana, mumusika une makwikwi makuru, fiberglass (inozivikanwawo se glass-reinforced plastic kana GRP) inofarirwa nekuda kwekureruka kwayo, simba rayo guru, kuramba ngura, uye rkukodzera pakati pezvimwe zvinhu.
Fiberglass chinhu chinoshandiswa musanganiswa chinoshandisa magirazi nezvigadzirwa zvawo (senge jira regirazi, mati, shinda, nezvimwewo) sekusimbisa, neresin yakagadzirwa sematrix.
Zvivharo/Zvivharo zveFiberglass
Europe yakatanga kushandisa fiberglass mumotokari kare muna 1955, nekuyedzwa pamiviri yeSTM-II. Muna 1970, Japan yakashandisa fiberglass kugadzira zvivharo zvekushongedza zvemavhiri emotokari, uye muna 1971 Suzuki yakagadzira zvivharo zveinjini nemafender kubva kufiberglass. Muma1950, UK yakatanga kushandisa fiberglass, ichitsiva makabhini esimbi-huni akaumbwa kare, seaya ari muFor.d S21 nemota dzine mavhiri matatu, izvo zvakaunza mhando itsva zvachose uye isina kuomarara kumota dzenguva iyoyo.
MuChina, vamwe mVagadziri vema "fiberglass" vakaita basa rakakura mukugadzira michina ye "fiberglass" yemotokari. Semuenzaniso, FAW yakabudirira kugadzira ma "fiberglass engine covers" nema "flat-nose cabins" kare kare. Parizvino, kushandiswa kwe "fiberglass products" mumarori epakati neanorema muChina kwakapararira zvikuru, kusanganisira injini ine "long-nose".machira, mabumpers, machira epamberi, machira edenga remba, masiketi epadivi, uye machira ekudzivirira. Dongguan Caiji Fiberglass Co., Ltd., inyanzvi inozivikanwa yekugadzira machira ekudzivirira kudzivirira kubva kumhepo, inoratidza izvi. Kunyangwe mamwe machira makuru emhando yepamusoro ari mumarori ekuAmerica anoyevedza ane mhino refu akagadzirwa nefiberglass.
Huremu hwakareruka, hwakasimba, ngura-inodzivirira, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumotokari
Nekuda kwemutengo wayo wakaderera, nguva pfupi yekugadzira, uye kuchinjika kwakasimba kwekugadzira, zvinhu zvefiberglass zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muzvinhu zvakawanda zvekugadzira marori. Semuenzaniso, makore mashoma apfuura, marori emumba aive nedhizaini inonetesa uye yakaoma, uye magadzirirwo ekunze akasarudzika. Nekukura nekukurumidza kwemigwagwa yemumba, iyoh yakakurudzira zvikuru kutakurwa kwenguva refu, kuoma kwekugadzira chitarisiko chekabhini chakagadzirwa nesimbi yese, mitengo yakawanda yekugadzira chakuvhuvhu, uye matambudziko akadai sengura nekudonha kwemvura muzvivakwa zvakasungirirwa zve multi-panel zvakaita kuti vagadziri vazhinji vasarudze fiberglass yekuvhara denga rekabhini.
Parizvino, marori mazhinji anoshandisa fizvinhu zvegirazi zvemachira epamberi nemabumpers.
Fiberglass inozivikanwa nekureruka kwayo uye simba rayo guru, ine huwandu huri pakati pe1.5 ne2.0. Izvi zvinongova chikamu chimwe muzvina kusvika pachikamu chimwe muzvishanu chehuwandu hwesimbi yekabhoni uye zvakatoderera pane hwearuminiyamu. Kana tichienzanisa nesimbi ye08F, fiberglass ine ukobvu hwe2.5mm inesimba rakaenzana nesimbi ine ukobvu hwe1mm. Pamusoro pezvo, fiberglass inogona kugadzirwa nenzira inochinjika zvichienderana nezvinodiwa, ichipa kunaka kuri nani uye kugona kugadzirwa zvakanaka. Inobvumira sarudzo inochinjika yemaitiro ekuumba zvichienderana nechimiro, chinangwa, uye huwandu hwechigadzirwa. Maitiro ekuumba ari nyore, kazhinji anoda nhanho imwe chete, uye chinhu chacho chine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira ngura. Chinogona kudzivirira mamiriro ekunze, mvura, uye kuwanda kwakajairika kwemaacid, mabhesi, uye munyu. Saka, marori mazhinji parizvino anoshandisa zvinhu zvefiberglass zvemabumpers epamberi, macover epamberi, masiketi epadivi, uye ma deflectors.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-02-2024
